In history classes and academic discussions, many events are placed within a dichotomy, such as the success or failure of military strategies and the position of policies. Notably, an apparent dichotomy was made in which the Allied Powers were justified in all of their war measures since the Axis Powers were the foremost perpetrators and committed more severe war crimes.

In other cases, alternative perspectives are overlooked and replaced by standard historical narratives. These dichotomies and narratives are more complicated than they seem.

At the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution and the decline of globalization in this new world order, understanding WWII history becomes ever more important. We must understand how social and political factors shape the transformation of technology and science—sometimes controversially—and how modern politicians manipulate history to replay the past in the present.

From Adolf Hitler to Putin, from Mussolini to Le Pen, WWII continues to affect our modern world order. In this book, we shall reveal the alternative perspectives, reconstruct the Allied-Axis dichotomies, relate socio-political factors to technical change, and reflect upon the importance of understanding WWII for every single one of us.

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