Urinary lithiasis in children poses a serious problem, affecting the functional future of the kidney. Etiological investigation must be exhaustive in order to avoid recurrence and prevent impairment of renal function.

A retrospective study of 168 observations of urinary lithiasis collected over 8 years. All stones were analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry.

The annual average was 21 cases, the most frequent symptomatology being urinary tract infection. The stone was located in the upper tract in 65% of cases.

Lithiasis was associated with a metabolic etiology in 17% of cases, and with malformative uropathy in 20%. Treatment consisted of open surgery in 96% of cases.

Calculi were pure in 36% of cases. Whewellite was present in 72% and predominant in 38% of stones.

The therapeutic indication depends essentially on the size and location of the stones. Extracorporeal lithotripsy can be considered as 1st-line treatment, or in association with percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy.

Surgery is still indicated when minimally invasive techniques fail. .