In the context of urban globalization, cities face major challenges in managing the spatial duality between the old and the contemporary city. On the one hand, the ancient city is an integral part of urban identity and heritage, embodying the traditional urban fabric and heritage architecture that reflect the values and identity symbols of society.

However, this ancient city faces major challenges such as poverty, unemployment and social and economic exclusion, threatening the erosion of its identity and urban heritage. On the other hand, the contemporary city represents the showcase of modernity and progress, characterized by modern buildings and state-of-the-art infrastructures, embodying aspirations for innovation and economic development.

Nevertheless, the contemporary city is also bringing about radical changes in lifestyles and societal values, which can give rise to social and cultural tensions. In addition, tensions and contradictions are emerging between the two cities over the use of land and resources, exacerbating social and economic divides.

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