This is the second volume in a trilogy dedicated to the early expansion of Islam. The first was about Asia, the second is about Africa, and the third is about Europe.

The driving idea behind this study is to examine the rise and expansion of Islamic empires from the 7th century onwards, focusing on their military conquests, strategic alliances, and cultural advancements. The authors aim to show the transformative impact of Islam on the Arabian Peninsula and beyond.

Specifically, the study seeks to highlight the key factors that contributed to the unification of Arabian tribes under Islam, the innovative military tactics and strategic alliances used by early Muslim armies, and the significant role of trade routes and diplomatic efforts in facilitating the rapid expansion and consolidation of Islamic rule across regions like Persia, Byzantium, and North Africa. • This book’s research background focuses on the rise and expansion of Islamic empires from the 7th century onwards, highlighting their military conquests, strategic alliances, and cultural advancements.

The approach is well motivated as it emphasizes Islam’s transformative impact on the Arabian Peninsula and beyond. • The research methodology proposed in this study includes an analysis of historical events, military strategies, and the role of trade routes in facilitating the spread of Islam.

• The tasks involve understanding the early Islamic conquests and their impact on regions like Persia, Byzantium, and North Africa. The performance achieved by these methods supports their goals by demonstrating the successful expansion and consolidation of Islamic rule.

Methods • Analysis of the unification of Arabian tribes under Islam;• Examination of military tactics used by early Muslim armies;• Study of the role of trade routes in spreading Islamic teachings;• Exploration of diplomatic efforts and alliances formed by early Muslims;• Investigation of encounters with Byzantine and Persian Empires;• Detailed look at the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula and subsequent expansions. .