Federalism has played a vital role in the management of ethnocultural conflicts and the creation of peace in countries with diverse cultures or historical regions for many decades. However, it is imperative to recognise why federalism has developed over time.

Why does the federal system exist, and how does it contribute to managing conflicts and restoring societal peace? Therefore, this book examines the reasons behind federalism's rise. For this purpose, a newly developed federal case has been examined the Kurdistan autonomous region (Southern Kurdistan) and its impact on conflict and peace in the country.

It serves as a valuable example of how federalism can address and resolve long-standing conflicts in a diverse society. The Kurdistan region's success in promoting peace through federalism can provide insights for other regions seeking lasting peace.

This case is intriguing because it involves a new federal case that occurs in a region where compromise and respect for diversity are non-existent in political thought and discourse. The rise of federalism can be explained by examining the nation-state as a whole and then the rise of the federal Kurdistan region, which embodies the arguments I have outlined for its emergence.

The arguments used in this book to explore federalism's rise will be applied to other cases in my next book, which is in progress. This study aims to determine whether the rise of federalism in Belgium, Germany, Spain, and South Africa can be attributed to the same factors or not.

By examining the similarities and differences between the four cases, this study will provide insight into whether the factors that led to federalism in each nation are universal or specific to that country. .