Sociolinguistics examines how language varies and changes in different social contexts, considering factors such as ethnicity, gender, social class, age, and geographical location. One of its fundamental concepts is 'linguistic variation,' which refers to the diverse ways in which language is used by different social groups.

Variation can manifest in various forms, including accents, dialects, registers, and speech styles. For instance, individuals may alter their speech patterns when interacting with different social groups to conform to societal norms or assert their identity.

Language serves as a powerful tool for expressing social identity and establishing group solidarity. Speakers often use language markers, such as slang, jargon, or specific vocabulary, to signal their affiliation with particular social groups.

For example, youth subcultures may develop their own unique slang to differentiate themselves from mainstream society. Similarly, linguistic features associated with prestigious social groups or professions can serve as status symbols, reinforcing social hierarchies.

. .