Recent advances in technology have permitted the manufacture of endodontic files from Nitinol, a nickel-titanium alloy with a very low modulus of elasticity. The #15 Nitinol files have been shown to have two to three times more elastic flexibility in bending and torsion, as well as superior resistance to torsional fracture, when compared with size #15 stainless steel files manufactured by the same process.

19There is minimal evidence to support the use of one method of obturation over another. All techniques have advantages and disadvantages.

Decision-making should be based upon the clinical scenario, not dogma. As such, having a broad knowledge of the options helps the clinician choose the optimal technique for the tooth being treated.

100Rotary endodontics in the past few years has evolved tremendously. A broader mind-set is required to accept the newer advances while still adhering to the fundamentals of scientific reasoning and rationalization.

Practitioners must always bear in mind that all file systems have their pros and cons, and ultimately clinical experience, handling properties, usage safety, and case outcomes should decide the fate of a particular design or an instrument. .