Osteoarthritis is a degenerative musculoskeletal disorder that predominantly impacts the cartilage, the articular cartilage that provides protection to the bone extremities. Cartilage facilitates effortless and discomfort-free joint motion.

Osteoarthritis is characterized by progressive degeneration of the cartilage, resulting in joint inflammation, pain, and reduced range of motion. As cartilage degrades, bones may rub against one another, resulting in additional injury and the development of osteophytes or bone spurs, which are bony protrusions.

Although osteoarthritis can manifest in any joint, it is most frequently observed in load-bearing joints including the spine, knees, and hips. While age is frequently cited as a contributing factor, obesity, genetics, and joint injuries may also play a role in its development.

Osteoarthritis is characterized by joint pain, rigidity, inflammation, and a restricted range of motion. Symptom severity is subject to variation, and the condition may worsen with time.

Although there is no cure for osteoarthritis, numerous treatments—including physical therapy, medication, and modifications to one's lifestyle—can assist in symptom management and enhance the quality of life for those afflicted. Joint replacement surgery may be advised in certain instances to treat severe osteoarthritis that is unresponsive to alternative therapeutic approaches.

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