The human reproductive system consists of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit, the gonads (testes or ovaries), the reproductive tract, and the external genitalia. The functions of the reproductive system are to produce and deliver gametes (spermatozoa or oocytes) for sexual reproduction, and produce hormones that regulate reproductive function.

Infertility is defined by the WHO as the absence of conception after at least 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Male infertility may be due to abnormalities of hormonal control, testicular function, or sperm transport.

Female infertility can be divided into several categories: ovarian, tubal, uterine, cervical, and other. This book provides an integrated approach to infertility, emphasizing applied reproductive anatomy and physiology.

By developing a clear understanding of what is normal, you will better understand the abnormalities affecting fertility and the mechanisms behind treatment. Prof.

Dr. Akmal Nabil Ahmad El-Mazny, MD, FICSProfessor of Obstetrics and GynecologyConsultant of Reproductive and Endoscopic SurgeryFaculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.