Growing plants without the use of soil is possible via hydroponics, which employs mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. Plants are cultivated in inert mediums such as perlite, gravel, mineral fiber, coconut coir, or other substances, as opposed to soil.

A regulated nutrient solution is frequently added to the water to ensure that the plants receive all the essential nutrients in order to promote optimal growth. Hydroponic systems exhibit considerable diversity in terms of scope and complexity, spanning from home-oriented configurations such as nutrient film technique (NFT) or deep water culture (DWC) to expansive commercial enterprises.

This approach presents numerous benefits in comparison to conventional soil-based agriculture. These include enhanced water and space utilization, accelerated plant growth, and the capability to cultivate plants in areas with inadequate or nonexistent soil quality.

Additionally, it permits precise regulation of pH, nutrient concentrations, and other environmental variables, which may result in increased yields and superior quality produce. .