This literature review examines the rising global crisis of mental health disorders, focusing on major depressive disorder (MDD), a condition affecting millions worldwide. It critiques the limitations of conventional treatments like SSRIs, which, despite their efficacy for some, often require weeks to take effect and are associated with significant side effects and a high rate of non-response.

In this context, psilocybin - a classical psychedelic - emerges as a promising alternative, offering potential for more effective, safer, and faster-acting treatment. The review covers the historical context of psychedelic research, the FDA's recognition of psilocybin as a "breakthrough therapy," and further examines clinical evidence for psilocybin, its mechanisms of action, and its impact on neuronal networks in treating major depressive disorder.

By comparing psilocybin's rapid and long-lasting therapeutic benefits to those of traditional antidepressants, the review advocates for a paradigm shift in mental health treatment towards embracing psychedelics' potential. However, it also discusses obstacles to psilocybin's research and clinical use, such as its Schedule I classification and the need for a comprehensive therapeutic framework, advocating for rescheduling and the development of an evidence-based approach to harness its potential.

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