The term "ecology" was first coined by the biologist E. Haeckel in 1866.

According to him, ecology is the science of the relationship between living matter and the surrounding environment (from the Greek words ekos / oikos-home and logos-science). Ecology is a complex science using the methods and concepts of biology, geology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, geography, engineering sciences, economics, law, etc.

Environmental monitoring is the process of monitoring and controlling the state of the environment in all components (air, water, soil, rocks, ecosystems, species) and warning of created critical situations, harmful or dangerous to the environment and people. A network of points is established to collect data on the state of the environment throughout the country.

The location of the points shall be specified on a scientific basis. For example, when building the network of air monitoring climatic and meteorological factors are taken into account.

It is a rule to build points around pollutants. Sampling is carried out in respect of all components of the environment – air, surface and groundwater, soils and rocks, the movement of waste is monitored.

. .