Since treating common health problems in a large population of animals can be costly, concerns on the relationship between animal welfare and animal health have been focused on farm animals. Farm animals, regardless of whether they live in traditional or modern housing systems or are under rigorous or extended management, suffer from a variety of health problems, some of which can be shockingly prevalent.

The relevance of animal welfare issues has increased recently, not just in developed but also in developing countries, where enhancing animal welfare laws can lead to increased trade opportunities, productivity, and animal health. Because labor and land are less expensive in these countries than in industrialized ones, they will likely have a natural economic advantage in producing agricultural items at a lower cost.

The Indian dairy farming system is made up of two parts: the older, small-holder production system and the more modern, growing commercial dairy farming systems. The issues and worries regarding animal welfare in these two production systems may vary because of the different agricultural practices and applications of modern production technologies.

. .