Aphthous ulcers, more often known as canker sores, are small, painful sores that can appear on the gums, inner cheeks, tongue, and roof of the mouth. Cold sores, which are also caused by the herpes virus but more commonly appear on the lips or outside of the mouth, are not the same thing.

• Canker sores typically have a red border and a round or oval shape. They come in a wide range of sizes and can cause a lot of discomfort, especially while trying to eat or talk.

Canker sores can have a number of different causes, and it's not always possible to pinpoint the precise one. • Accidental biting or braces irritation are two common causes of mild oral damage.

• Emotional strain or stress. • Hormonal shifts.

• Intolerances or allergies to certain foods. • Damage to the body's defenses.

• Some fundamental health problems. • Canker sores seldom cause any serious complications and typically heal on their own within a week or two.

Though painful, they can be alleviated with over-the-counter or prescribed topical pain relievers or pharmaceuticals. Canker sores that recur frequently, are unusually large or chronic, or are accompanied by other troubling symptoms should prompt a trip to the doctor for diagnosis and possible treatment.

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