This textbook has been compiled for students studying pharmaceutical and agricultural specialties at universities. Botany is a basic discipline for pharmaceutical and agricultural specialties.

This mostly determined the selection of materials for study and independent testing of one’s knowledge. This textbook pays attention to cytology, histology, anatomy, morphology, and physiology of plants.

These sections are closely related to the main disciplines of pharmaceutical and agricultural specialties. The textbook provides for a person-centered approach to learning, based on a variety of content and forms of the educational process, which provides for the development of each student according to multi-level tasks.

Each student has his own level of interest and ability in this discipline. This training helps everyone build “success” in achieving mastery of botany, predict results, skills and abilities to apply the acquired knowledge.

A person-centered approach encourages growth, self-improvement, and the transition to a higher level of knowledge acquisition. One of the forms of training for the development of cognitive activity of the entire learning process is multi-level tasks.

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